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KMID : 0350519950480041201
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Journal of Catholic Medical College
1995 Volume.48 No. 4 p.1201 ~ p.1214
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Effects of Exercise Program on Physical Fitness, Self-efficacy, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Quality of Life Among the Institutionalized Elderly
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Abstract
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An increase in the proportion of the elderly in the current population brought our attention to their problems of which health problems are the most prominent. The elderly tend to have reduced physical functions and chronic diseases, which
further
decrease their quality of life. The present study was intended to examine the effects of an exercise program on physical fitness (muscle strength, flexibility, balance, coordination), self-efficacy, instrumental activities of daily liyving, and
quality
of life.
The subjects consisted of 38 elderly living in a home for the aged located in Chunchon. Nineteen were assigned to the experimental group and received the exercise program for 12 weeks between February and April, 1995. This exercise program,
developed by
the author with the help of a sports physiologist, included walking and stretching. The tests after exercise were conducted twice at 8 weeks and at 12 weeks for physical fitness and once at 12 weeks only for self-efficacy, instrumental activities
of
daily living, and quality of life.
@ES The results were as follows ;
@EN 1. Physical fitness such as muscle strengths, flexibilities, balances and coordination increased significantly with increasing the duration of exercise program in the experimental group. The differences in physical fitness between
pretreatment
and
at 8 and 12 weeks after exercise were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group except for coordination at all points and back lift strength at 8 weeks after exercise.
2. The mean score of self-efficacy in the experimental group increased significantly at 12 weeks after exercise than that in pretreatment and this increment was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group.
3. The mean score for instrumental activities of daily living only in the experimental group at 12 weeks after exercise was signifioantly higher than that in pretreatment. The difference of this score between pretreatment and 12 weeks was
significantly
higher in the experimental group than in the control group.
4. The experimental group had significantly higher socore for quality of life than the control group at 12 weeks after exercise and the quality of life score significantly increased only in the experimental group.
The above results indicated that the exercise program improved muscle strength, flexibility, balance and coordination among the items of phyusical fitness. The program also raised self-efficacy, instrumental activities of daily living, and
quality
of
life. Accordingly, the exercise program can be adopted as an effective nursing intervention in the care of the institutinoalized as well as the noninstitutionalized dlderly.
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